Changes

Rather than establishing one workflow that all Mine Action programmes must use, IMSMA^NG {{IMSMANG}} allows information managers to establish their own Mine Action programme-appropriate workflows and business rules to better support their specific needs. To document their Mine Action programme-specific workflows, information managers describe the processes undertaken on each object in IMSMA^NG {{IMSMANG}} and the outputs or products from the processes. Typically, these workflows relate to the various categories of hazards land and hazard reductionsactivities, but they can also be applied to other IMSMA^NG {{IMSMANG}} items as appropriate.

During this step, information managers map the process that each hazard land goes through as it is cleared or its impact is otherwise reduced. Using a combination of the relevant hazard land types, status values and relationships, information managers design an information workflow that will be implemented as standard operating procedures (SOPs) for data entry and analysis. Some Mine Action programmes may have only one process for all categories of hazards land while other Mine Action programmes may have three or more processes.  {{Document|<b>Document the following decisions about information workflows and business rules:</b> * Workflow process for each hazard type including which processes or reductions are done on which types* Outputs or results of hazard reduction processes on hazards including the resulting status and type changes* Progress tracking process}} ===Mapping the Workflow===The first element of mapping the hazard reduction workflow is to build a map of the relationship between the objects and processes involved in the hazard reduction process. Starting with the first representation of the hazard, the workflow map should describe the processes done to the hazard and the output of the process. The workflow map should trace the entire process from hazard identification through clearance and release of the land according to the operational process in use in the programme. In the example below, a confirmed hazardous area (CHA) is linked to a technical survey that was conducted on the hazard. The survey resulted in a minefield on which a clearance was done, and the clearance resulted in a cleared hazard. Finally, a completion survey was logged to close the hazard.

===Business Rules Updating Structure=======Status Changes==== Along with a workflow map that describes the relationship between the various types of objects and processes in a workflow, the status changes or outputs from the process are critical in adequately mapping the hazard land clearance process. IMSMA^NG {{IMSMANG}} uses the status value of items to track where the object or process is in its workflow. Objects and processes in IMSMA^NG {{IMSMANG}} can have different status values. For example, hazards land can be defined as "Active"''Open'', "''Worked On''," or "''Closed''," while hazard reduction activities that are more process-oriented can be "''Planned''," "''Issued'', ''Ongoing''," "''Completed''," "''Suspended''," or "''Aborted''." Defining a set of status values for each item provides the capability to:

Some IMSMA^NG {{IMSMANG}} items may have many status values. For example, process-oriented items such as hazard reductions activities and quality management likely have many status values, but hazards land and other object- or output-oriented items typically have only the three status values listed above. Some items like victims and accidents may not need status values depending on how information is used. Defining the possible status values for each object in the workflow as outputs of the processes conducted on them provides a set of business rules for information management that govern how information should be entered and analysed.

====Example Workflows with Status Changes====__NOEDITSECTION__The following figures show how each Mine Action programme can tailor the system to support a specific hazard land clearance/reduction activity workflow process for each type of hazardland, from a traditional process for minefield clearance with multiple steps including a technical survey, clearance and completion survey to a simplified process for UXO clearance that includes only a clearanceone EOD Spot task report. Each example involves a single hazard Land on which one or more hazard reduction activities are conducted. At each step, information about the hazard’s land's status and type is updated as a result of the hazard reduction processactivity.

In the figure below, a CHA ''SHA'' is created and its status is set to "Active''Open''." A technical survey process is then conducted on the hazard land, which results in changing the subcategory of the hazard land from "''SHA'' to ''CHA" to "Minefield" '' and defining the hazard’s land's perimeter. Next, a clearance process is conducted on the minefield ''CHA'' that results in updating the status of the hazard land to "''Worked On''." Finally, a completion survey report is submitted that updates the status of the hazard land to "''Closed''."

 [[Image:Understanding Mine Action IMSMA Information Management Model - Example Workflowof How Current View Statuses Change.png|500px|center|''Example of a Traditional Workflow'']]

Simpler processes can be defined for other types [[Image:Understanding Mine Action Information Management - Example Workflow 2.png|center|''Example of hazards. For example, a spot UXO task would likely not go through this complete workflow and instead start with a subcategory of Spot EOD Workflow'']]<div align="UXOcenter" and a status >''Example of "Open." A clearance could then be conducted and the UXO spot status updated to "Closed," without requiring a completion survey.Spot EOD Workflow''</div>

===Progress Reporting Structure===__NOEDITSECTION__Once the land/activity relationships and workflow are defined and documented for each type of land, the next step is to define how progress data for the land clearance processes is collected. Incremental progress data is collected for a reporting period, usually, the number of mines/ERW cleared, area cleared and hours worked for tasks that take '''long''' time to complete. In {{IMSMANG}}, each progress report is stored as a new activity. This may be done in different ways:* Progress Reports linked to the Land* Progress Reports linked to the Clearance Report and the Clearance linked to the Land* Progress Reports combined together and linked to either Land or ClearanceInformation managers should assess which approach better meets the needs of their programs when selecting an approach to tracking progress. [[Image:Understanding Mine Action Information Management - Example Progress Report Workflow 2.png|center|''Example of a Spot UXO Progress Report Workflow'']]

''Example of a Spot UXO Progress Report Workflow''

By documenting ==== Progress Reports linked to the entire process conducted on Land ====__NOEDITSECTION__The Progress Reports are linked to the Land. As a result, individual progress reports can be queried to determine how much progress was made during a given reporting period. In addition, aggregate progress information can be queried easily for each type of hazardLand (for example, including the changes in status and type total mines that result from the hazard reduction activities, information managers have been reported cleared). This method requires to create a complete map of Land record and that the hazard/hazard reduction workflow that informs how linking Land report is entered and reconciliation decisions should be made approved in {{IMSMANG}} '''before''' the first Progress report is entered into the database. This method has the Land in focus and provide a guide is getting more common. This is the method that we recommend to data entry personnelfirst evaluate.

====Progress Reporting StructureReports linked to the Clearance Report ====__NOEDITSECTION__Once the hazard and hazard reduction relationships and workflow The Progress Reports are defined and documented for each type of hazard, the next step is to define how progress data for the hazard clearance processes is collected. Traditionally, incremental progress data is collected using progress reports. These reports are typically linked to the overall clearance operation and are used to collect the incremental progress for a reporting period, usually, the number of mines/UXO cleared, area cleared and hours worked. In IMSMA^NG, each progress Clearance report is stored as a new hazard reduction activity and linked to the clearance. As a result, individual progress reports can be queried to determine how much progress was made during a given reporting period. In addition, aggregate progress information can be queried for each clearance (for example, the total mines that have been reported cleared for a given clearance operation). This method requires to create a Clearance report and that the Clearance report is entered and approved in {{IMSMANG}} '''before''' the first Progress report is entered into the database. This method has the Clearance in focus and is not so common anymore.

==== Progress Reports combined together ====__NOEDITSECTION__An alternative third approach to storing store progress information is to collect incremental progress reports and reconcile them the Progress Reports as updates to the clearance using the combine option during reconciliation. Using this method, the different progress reports do are '''not create independent hazard reduction items''' visible as individual Progress reports in {{IMSMANG}}; rather, their information is combined with, and added to, the clearance information collected to that point. This approach simplifies the reconciliation step for progress reports as well as provides a simple summary of clearance data on each hazard in the current view. It maywill, however, become slightly '''more ''' complicated to determine progress during individual reporting periods. Information managers should assess which approach better meets the needs of , for operators to see their programs when selecting an approach Progress Reports and to tracking progressensure high data quality. We do not recommend this method.

In {{Note|<b>Document the example below, progress reports were collected for three separate reporting periods during a clearance operation. Collecting and linking following decisions about information in this way makes it easy to determine that in Period 2 (PR-2), 4,500 sqm were cleared workflows and 25 AP mines were found and that, overall, 15,000 sqm were cleared and 61 AP mines were found. A defined, standardized approach to collecting and storing progress information simplifies querying and reporting of statistical information and is a critical element to supporting operational mine action information management needs.business rules:</b>

{{NavBox Information Management}}[[ImageCategory:Understanding Mine Action Information Management - Progress Report Workflow.png|center|''Progress Report Workflow''NAA]]<div align="center">''Progress Report Workflow''</div>